Hentz's Orb-Weaver, Barn Spider, Spotted Orbweaver
Neoscona crucifera
Araneidae (Orb-Weavers), Order Araneae. Characterized by building flat, circular webs and having eight eyes in two rows.
Physical Description
A robust spider with a bulbous, slightly triangular-to-oval abdomen. The cephalothorax is smaller and covered in fine, pale hairs (setae). The body texture is fuzzy or bristly. Females are significantly larger and more rounded than males.
Size Estimate
Females typically 9–20mm (body length), with a leg span of 1.5–2.5 inches. This specimen appears to be a mature female based on the broad, heavy abdomen.
Coloration & Markings
Variable but usually tan, reddish-brown, or grey. The abdomen often features a faint cross-like pattern on the dorsal side (hence 'crucifera'). The underside typically has two white 'comma' marks against a dark background.
Web Type
Classic large orb web. They often build webs at dusk and consume them at dawn. Webs are frequently placed near porch lights or between structures where insects are attracted to light.
Eye Arrangement
Eight eyes arranged in two rows. The four median eyes form a central trapezoid, with the lateral eyes set further back on the sides of the head.
Leg Characteristics
Strong, hairy legs with visible macrosetae (spines). Leg segments often show dark banding or rings, particularly at the joints. They are specialized for hanging upside down in the web.
Venom & Safety Information
Venom Information
Neurotoxic venom specialized for immobilizing small invertebrates. It is not considered toxic or dangerous to humans or large pets.
Medical Significance
Low. Harmless to humans. Bites are rare and usually occur only if the spider is squeezed. Symptoms are similar to a bee sting, involving localized redness and minor swelling.
Safety Recommendations
No action is usually needed. If in an inconvenient location, they can be easily moved using the 'cup and cardboard' method. Wear gloves if handling directly, though they rarely bite.
Habitat & Behavior
Habitat & Range
Common throughout North America (USA, Southern Canada, Mexico). They prefer gardens, woodlands, and urban areas, particularly on human-made structures like barns, porches, and railings.
Behavior & Temperament
Primarily nocturnal and docile. They mostly sit at the center (hub) of their web facing downward. If disturbed, they will drop to the ground or retreat to a crevice. They are not aggressive toward humans.
Diet & Prey
Generalist insectivores catching moths, flies, beetles, and wasps. They wrap prey in silk quickly before delivering a bite to immobilize the insect.
Seasonal Activity
Maximum activity and visibility from August through October. This is the 'peak season' when they are largest and most likely to be noticed by homeowners.
Description
A quintessential 'barn spider,' this nocturnal architect is a common sight under patio lights in late summer. Its fuzzy appearance and impressive web-spinning skills make it a fascinating specimen for observation as it works through the night to capture garden pests.
Key Features
Hairy/fuzzier appearance than many other orb-weavers, nocturnal activity, and the specific 'comma' markings on the ventral abdomen (underside).
Similar Species
Araneus diadematus (Cross Orbweaver), which has more distinct white dots in a cross shape, and Neoscona domiciliorum, which has brighter markings.
Life Cycle
Females lay egg sacs in autumn, containing up to 1,000 eggs. The offspring overwinter and emerge in spring. Adults reach maturity in late summer/early fall and die after the first hard frost.
Ecological Importance
Critical for natural pest control. A single spider can consume hundreds of mosquitoes, moths, and agricultural pests during its peak autumn activity.
Conservation Status
Not evaluated by IUCN, but considered stable and abundant throughout its range. Not under threat.
Interesting Facts
The genus name Neoscona comes from the Greek for 'spinning,' and 'crucifera' refers to the cross-like mark. They are known for 'recycling' their silk by eating their web every morning to conserve protein.
Photography Tips
Best photographed at night with a flash to highlight the web and setae. Focus on the underside for diagnostic 'comma' marks or the top for the abdominal pattern.
Identified: 2026-03-15T18:35:15.678134